spermatozoidis anatomia

adamianis spermatozidi (spermia) specializebuli ujredia, romlis agebulebac saSualebas aZlevs mas Seasrulos Tavisi funqcia: gadalaxos qalis sasqeso gzebSi arsebuli winaaRmdebebi da SeiWras kvercujredSi. spermatozidi erwymis kvercxjreds, anayofierebs mas da Saeqavs masSi mamakacis genetikuri informacia.

mamakacis organizmSi spermatozidi yvelaze patara ujredia. misi saerTo sigrZe Seasdgens 55mkm-s. Tavis sigrZe aris 5,0 mkm, sigane 3,5 mkm, simaRle 2.5mkm. yeli – 4,5mkm, kudi – 45mkm. spermatozidis mcire zoma saWiroa misi swrafi gadaadgilebisTvis.

zomaSi Semcirebis mizniT spermatozidis momwifebis dros xdeba gadawyoba: birTvi mcirdeba zomaSi qromatinis unikalurad kondensaciis gamo, citomplazmis didi nawili gadmoisroleba spermatozodis Tavidan „citoplazmuri wveTis“ saxiT da rCeba mxoldo gansakuTrebiT saWiro organelebi.

spermatozidebi, romelic Seicaven Y-qromosomebs iwodebian androspermiebad, xolo Х-qromosomis Semcveli spermatozoidebi – ginospermienas. kvercujreds, rogorc wesi, anayofierebs erTi spermia, romelic Tanabari albaTobiT iqneba andro, an ginospermia.

janmrTeli adamianis spermogramaSi aris spermatozoidebis paTologiuri formebi ara umetes 20-25%.

rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, spermmtozoidi Sedgeba Tavis, Sua nawilisa da kudisagan.

spermiis Tavi aris gverdebSi SekumSuli elifsoidis formis, erT mxares aqvs mcire CaRrmaveba, amitomac xSirad saubroben mis kovzisebur formaze. spermatozoidis TavSi aris Semdegi struqturebi:
1. birTvi – romelic Seicavs qromosomebis haploidur (23 qromosoma) nakrebs. spermatozoidisa da kvercxujredis (agreTve haploidis) Serwymis Sedegad miiReba – zigota, diploiduri organizmi, romelic atarebs dediseul da mamiseul genetikur masalas. Zalian Zlieri kondensaciis gamo spermatozoidis birTvSi qromatini ar aris aqtiuri – anu mis birTvSi ar sinTezdeba rnm.
2. akrosoma – saxeSecvlili lizosoma – membranuli buStuki, romelic atarebs lizosomur fermentebs (kvercujredis kedlis damSleli nivTierebebi, daaxloebiT 15 saxis